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guotianyun-s...
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user_guide
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general
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models.html

models.html 49 KB
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  1. 

  2. 

  3. <!DOCTYPE html>
    4. 

  4. <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
    5. 

  5. <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
    6. 

  6. <head>
    7. 

  7.   <meta charset="utf-8">
    8. 

  8.   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    9. 

  9.   
    10. 

  10.   <title>Models &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
    11. 

  11.   
    12. 

  12. 

  13.   
    14. 

  14.   
    15. 

  15.     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
    16. 

  16.   
    17. 

  17. 

  18.   
    19. 

  19.   <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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  23.     
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  24. 

  25.   
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  26. 

  27.   
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  28.   
    29. 

  29.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
    30. 

  30.   
    31. 

  31. 

  32.   
    33. 

  33.         <link rel="index" title="Index"
    34. 

  34.               href="../genindex.html"/>
    35. 

  35.         <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
    36. 

  36.     <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
    37. 

  37.         <link rel="up" title="General Topics" href="index.html"/>
    38. 

  38.         <link rel="next" title="Helper Functions" href="helpers.html"/>
    39. 

  39.         <link rel="prev" title="Views" href="views.html"/> 
    40. 

  40. 

  41.   
    42. 

  42.   <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
    43. 

  43. 

  44. </head>
    45. 

  45. 

  46. <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
    47. 

  47. 

  48.   <div id="nav">
    49. 

  49.   <div id="nav_inner">
    50. 

  50.     
    51. 

  51.     
    52. 

  52.     
    53. 

  53.       <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
    54. 

  54.         <ul>
    55. 

  55. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    56. 

  56. </ul>
    57. 

  57. <ul>
    58. 

  58. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    59. 

  59. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    60. 

  60. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    61. 

  61. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    62. 

  62. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    63. 

  63. </ul>
    64. 

  64. </li>
    65. 

  65. </ul>
    66. 

  66. <ul>
    67. 

  67. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    68. 

  68. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    69. 

  69. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    70. 

  70. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    71. 

  71. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    72. 

  72. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    73. 

  73. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    74. 

  74. </ul>
    75. 

  75. </li>
    76. 

  76. </ul>
    77. 

  77. <ul>
    78. 

  78. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    79. 

  79. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    80. 

  80. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    81. 

  81. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    82. 

  82. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    83. 

  83. </ul>
    84. 

  84. </li>
    85. 

  85. </ul>
    86. 

  86. <ul>
    87. 

  87. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    88. 

  88. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    89. 

  89. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    90. 

  90. </ul>
    91. 

  91. </li>
    92. 

  92. </ul>
    93. 

  93. <ul class="current">
    94. 

  94. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">General Topics</a><ul class="current">
    95. 

  95. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    96. 

  96. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    97. 

  97. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    98. 

  98. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="views.html">Views</a></li>
    99. 

  99. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Models</a></li>
    100. 

  100. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    101. 

  101. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    102. 

  102. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    103. 

  103. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    104. 

  104. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    105. 

  105. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    106. 

  106. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    107. 

  107. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    108. 

  108. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    109. 

  109. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    110. 

  110. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    111. 

  111. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    112. 

  112. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    113. 

  113. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    114. 

  114. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    115. 

  115. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    116. 

  116. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    117. 

  117. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    118. 

  118. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    119. 

  119. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
    120. 

  120. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    121. 

  121. </ul>
    122. 

  122. </li>
    123. 

  123. </ul>
    124. 

  124. <ul>
    125. 

  125. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    126. 

  126. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    127. 

  127. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    128. 

  128. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    129. 

  129. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    130. 

  130. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    131. 

  131. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    132. 

  132. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    133. 

  133. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    134. 

  134. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    135. 

  135. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    136. 

  136. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    137. 

  137. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    138. 

  138. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    139. 

  139. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    140. 

  140. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    141. 

  141. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    142. 

  142. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    143. 

  143. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    144. 

  144. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    145. 

  145. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    146. 

  146. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    147. 

  147. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    148. 

  148. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    149. 

  149. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    150. 

  150. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    151. 

  151. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    152. 

  152. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    153. 

  153. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    154. 

  154. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    155. 

  155. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    156. 

  156. </ul>
    157. 

  157. </li>
    158. 

  158. </ul>
    159. 

  159. <ul>
    160. 

  160. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    161. 

  161. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    162. 

  162. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    163. 

  163. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    164. 

  164. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    165. 

  165. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    166. 

  166. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    167. 

  167. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    168. 

  168. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    169. 

  169. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    170. 

  170. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    171. 

  171. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    172. 

  172. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    173. 

  173. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    174. 

  174. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    175. 

  175. </ul>
    176. 

  176. </li>
    177. 

  177. </ul>
    178. 

  178. <ul>
    179. 

  179. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    180. 

  180. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    181. 

  181. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    182. 

  182. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    183. 

  183. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    184. 

  184. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    185. 

  185. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    186. 

  186. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    187. 

  187. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    188. 

  188. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    189. 

  189. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    190. 

  190. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    191. 

  191. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    192. 

  192. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    193. 

  193. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    194. 

  194. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    195. 

  195. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    196. 

  196. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    197. 

  197. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    198. 

  198. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    199. 

  199. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    200. 

  200. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    201. 

  201. </ul>
    202. 

  202. </li>
    203. 

  203. </ul>
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  204. 

  205.       </div>
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  206.     
    207. 

  207.       
    208. 

  208.   </div>
    209. 

  209. </div>
    210. 

  210. <div id="nav2">
    211. 

  211.   <a href="#" id="openToc">
    212. 

  212.     <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
    213. 

  213.   </a>
    214. 

  214. </div>
    215. 

  215. 

  216.   <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
    217. 

  217. 

  218.     
    219. 

  219.     <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
    220. 

  220.       <div class="wy-side-nav-search">
    221. 

  221.         
    222. 

  222.           <a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
    223. 

  223.         
    224. 

  224.         
    225. 

  225. <div role="search">
    226. 

  226.   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
    227. 

  227.     <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
    228. 

  228.     <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
    229. 

  229.     <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    230. 

  230.   </form>
    231. 

  231. </div>
    232. 

  232.       </div>
    233. 

  233. 

  234.       <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
    235. 

  235.         
    236. 

  236.           
    237. 

  237.           
    238. 

  238.               <ul>
    239. 

  239. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    240. 

  240. </ul>
    241. 

  241. <ul>
    242. 

  242. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    243. 

  243. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    244. 

  244. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    245. 

  245. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    246. 

  246. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    247. 

  247. </ul>
    248. 

  248. </li>
    249. 

  249. </ul>
    250. 

  250. <ul>
    251. 

  251. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    252. 

  252. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    253. 

  253. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    254. 

  254. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    255. 

  255. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    256. 

  256. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    257. 

  257. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    258. 

  258. </ul>
    259. 

  259. </li>
    260. 

  260. </ul>
    261. 

  261. <ul>
    262. 

  262. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    263. 

  263. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    264. 

  264. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    265. 

  265. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    266. 

  266. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    267. 

  267. </ul>
    268. 

  268. </li>
    269. 

  269. </ul>
    270. 

  270. <ul>
    271. 

  271. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    272. 

  272. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    273. 

  273. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    274. 

  274. </ul>
    275. 

  275. </li>
    276. 

  276. </ul>
    277. 

  277. <ul class="current">
    278. 

  278. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">General Topics</a><ul class="current">
    279. 

  279. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    280. 

  280. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    281. 

  281. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    282. 

  282. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="views.html">Views</a></li>
    283. 

  283. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Models</a></li>
    284. 

  284. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    285. 

  285. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    286. 

  286. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    287. 

  287. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    288. 

  288. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    289. 

  289. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    290. 

  290. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    291. 

  291. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    292. 

  292. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    293. 

  293. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    294. 

  294. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    295. 

  295. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    296. 

  296. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    297. 

  297. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    298. 

  298. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    299. 

  299. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    300. 

  300. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    301. 

  301. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    302. 

  302. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    303. 

  303. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
    304. 

  304. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    305. 

  305. </ul>
    306. 

  306. </li>
    307. 

  307. </ul>
    308. 

  308. <ul>
    309. 

  309. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    310. 

  310. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    311. 

  311. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    312. 

  312. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    313. 

  313. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    314. 

  314. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    315. 

  315. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    316. 

  316. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    317. 

  317. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    318. 

  318. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    319. 

  319. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    320. 

  320. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    321. 

  321. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    322. 

  322. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    323. 

  323. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    324. 

  324. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    325. 

  325. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    326. 

  326. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    327. 

  327. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    328. 

  328. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    329. 

  329. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    330. 

  330. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    331. 

  331. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    332. 

  332. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    333. 

  333. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    334. 

  334. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    335. 

  335. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    336. 

  336. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    337. 

  337. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    338. 

  338. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    339. 

  339. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    340. 

  340. </ul>
    341. 

  341. </li>
    342. 

  342. </ul>
    343. 

  343. <ul>
    344. 

  344. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    345. 

  345. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    346. 

  346. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    347. 

  347. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    348. 

  348. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    349. 

  349. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    350. 

  350. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    351. 

  351. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    352. 

  352. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    353. 

  353. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    354. 

  354. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    355. 

  355. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    356. 

  356. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    357. 

  357. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    358. 

  358. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    359. 

  359. </ul>
    360. 

  360. </li>
    361. 

  361. </ul>
    362. 

  362. <ul>
    363. 

  363. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    364. 

  364. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    365. 

  365. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    366. 

  366. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    367. 

  367. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    368. 

  368. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    369. 

  369. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    370. 

  370. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    371. 

  371. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    372. 

  372. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    373. 

  373. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    374. 

  374. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    375. 

  375. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    376. 

  376. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    377. 

  377. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    378. 

  378. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    379. 

  379. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    380. 

  380. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    381. 

  381. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    382. 

  382. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    383. 

  383. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    384. 

  384. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    385. 

  385. </ul>
    386. 

  386. </li>
    387. 

  387. </ul>
    388. 

  388. 

  389.           
    390. 

  390.         
    391. 

  391.       </div>
    392. 

  392.       &nbsp;
    393. 

  393.     </nav>
    394. 

  394. 

  395.     <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
    396. 

  396. 

  397.       
    398. 

  398.       <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
    399. 

  399.         <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
    400. 

  400.         <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
    401. 

  401.       </nav>
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    409. 

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  410.       
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  411.         <li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> &raquo;</li>
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    413. 

  413.     <li>Models</li>
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    424. 

  424.             
    425. 

  425.   <div class="section" id="models">
    426. 

  426. <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
    427. 

  427. <p>Models are <strong>optionally</strong> available for those who want to use a more
    428. 

  428. traditional MVC approach.</p>
    429. 

  429. <div class="contents topic" id="page-contents">
    430. 

  430. <p class="topic-title first">Page Contents</p>
    431. 

  431. <ul class="simple">
    432. 

  432. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#models" id="id1">Models</a><ul>
    433. 

  433. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-model" id="id2">What is a Model?</a></li>
    434. 

  434. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" id="id3">Anatomy of a Model</a></li>
    435. 

  435. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-model" id="id4">Loading a Model</a></li>
    436. 

  436. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-models" id="id5">Auto-loading Models</a></li>
    437. 

  437. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#connecting-to-your-database" id="id6">Connecting to your Database</a></li>
    438. 

  438. </ul>
    439. 

  439. </li>
    440. 

  440. </ul>
    441. 

  441. </div>
    442. 

  442. <div class="section" id="what-is-a-model">
    443. 

  443. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Model?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    444. 

  444. <p>Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in
    445. 

  445. your database. For example, let’s say you use CodeIgniter to manage a
    446. 

  446. blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert,
    447. 

  447. update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a
    448. 

  448. model class might look like:</p>
    449. 

  449. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    450. 

  450. 

  451.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span>
    452. 

  452.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$content</span><span class="p">;</span>
    453. 

  453.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">;</span>
    454. 

  454. 

  455.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">()</span>
    456. 

  456.         <span class="p">{</span>
    457. 

  457.                 <span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
    458. 

  458.                 <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span>
    459. 

  459.         <span class="p">}</span>
    460. 

  460. 

  461.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">insert_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
    462. 

  462.         <span class="p">{</span>
    463. 

  463.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span>    <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// please read the below note</span>
    464. 

  464.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">content</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
    465. 

  465.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">date</span>     <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
    466. 

  466. 

  467.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">);</span>
    468. 

  468.         <span class="p">}</span>
    469. 

  469. 

  470.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">update_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
    471. 

  471.         <span class="p">{</span>
    472. 

  472.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span>    <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
    473. 

  473.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">content</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
    474. 

  474.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">date</span>     <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
    475. 

  475. 

  476.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">]));</span>
    477. 

  477.         <span class="p">}</span>
    478. 

  478. 

  479. <span class="p">}</span>
    480. 

  480. </pre></div>
    481. 

  481. </div>
    482. 

  482. <div class="admonition note">
    483. 

  483. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    484. 

  484. <p class="last">The methods in the above example use the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> database methods.</p>
    485. 

  485. </div>
    486. 

  486. <div class="admonition note">
    487. 

  487. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    488. 

  488. <p class="last">For the sake of simplicity in this example we’re using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code>
    489. 

  489. directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach
    490. 

  490. would be to use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a>
    491. 

  491. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;input-&gt;post('title')</span></code>.</p>
    492. 

  492. </div>
    493. 

  493. </div>
    494. 

  494. <div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-model">
    495. 

  495. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Anatomy of a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    496. 

  496. <p>Model classes are stored in your <strong>application/models/</strong> directory.
    497. 

  497. They can be nested within sub-directories if you want this type of
    498. 

  498. organization.</p>
    499. 

  499. <p>The basic prototype for a model class is this:</p>
    500. 

  500. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Model_name</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    501. 

  501. 

  502. <span class="p">}</span>
    503. 

  503. </pre></div>
    504. 

  504. </div>
    505. 

  505. <p>Where <strong>Model_name</strong> is the name of your class. Class names <strong>must</strong> have
    506. 

  506. the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make
    507. 

  507. sure your class extends the base Model class.</p>
    508. 

  508. <p>The file name must match the class name. For example, if this is your class:</p>
    509. 

  509. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    510. 

  510. 

  511. <span class="p">}</span>
    512. 

  512. </pre></div>
    513. 

  513. </div>
    514. 

  514. <p>Your file will be this:</p>
    515. 

  515. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">models</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">User_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
    516. 

  516. </pre></div>
    517. 

  517. </div>
    518. 

  518. </div>
    519. 

  519. <div class="section" id="loading-a-model">
    520. 

  520. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Loading a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    521. 

  521. <p>Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
    522. 

  522. <a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> methods. To load a model you will use
    523. 

  523. the following method:</p>
    524. 

  524. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    525. 

  525. </pre></div>
    526. 

  526. </div>
    527. 

  527. <p>If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path
    528. 

  528. from your models directory. For example, if you have a model located at
    529. 

  529. <em>application/models/blog/Queries.php</em> you’ll load it using:</p>
    530. 

  530. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog/queries&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    531. 

  531. </pre></div>
    532. 

  532. </div>
    533. 

  533. <p>Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the
    534. 

  534. same name as your class:</p>
    535. 

  535. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    536. 

  536. 

  537. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model_name</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
    538. 

  538. </pre></div>
    539. 

  539. </div>
    540. 

  540. <p>If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
    541. 

  541. specify it via the second parameter of the loading method:</p>
    542. 

  542. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    543. 

  543. 

  544. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">foobar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
    545. 

  545. </pre></div>
    546. 

  546. </div>
    547. 

  547. <p>Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
    548. 

  548. view:</p>
    549. 

  549. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_controller</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    550. 

  550. 

  551.         <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">blog</span><span class="p">()</span>
    552. 

  552.         <span class="p">{</span>
    553. 

  553.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    554. 

  554. 

  555.                 <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;query&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">blog</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">();</span>
    556. 

  556. 

  557.                 <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
    558. 

  558.         <span class="p">}</span>
    559. 

  559. <span class="p">}</span>
    560. 

  560. </pre></div>
    561. 

  561. </div>
    562. 

  562. </div>
    563. 

  563. <div class="section" id="auto-loading-models">
    564. 

  564. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    565. 

  565. <p>If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your
    566. 

  566. application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system
    567. 

  567. initialization. This is done by opening the
    568. 

  568. <strong>application/config/autoload.php</strong> file and adding the model to the
    569. 

  569. autoload array.</p>
    570. 

  570. </div>
    571. 

  571. <div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database">
    572. 

  572. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Connecting to your Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    573. 

  573. <p>When a model is loaded it does <strong>NOT</strong> connect automatically to your
    574. 

  574. database. The following options for connecting are available to you:</p>
    575. 

  575. <ul>
    576. 

  576. <li><p class="first">You can connect using the standard database methods <a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html"><span class="doc">described
    577. 

  577. here</span></a>, either from within your
    578. 

  578. Controller class or your Model class.</p>
    579. 

  579. </li>
    580. 

  580. <li><p class="first">You can tell the model loading method to auto-connect by passing
    581. 

  581. TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings,
    582. 

  582. as defined in your database config file will be used:</p>
    583. 

  583. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
    584. 

  584. </pre></div>
    585. 

  585. </div>
    586. 

  586. </li>
    587. 

  587. <li><p class="first">You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
    588. 

  588. parameter:</p>
    589. 

  589. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    590. 

  590. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myusername&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    591. 

  591. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mypassword&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    592. 

  592. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydatabase&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    593. 

  593. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    594. 

  594. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    595. 

  595. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
    596. 

  596. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
    597. 

  597. 

  598. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
    599. 

  599. </pre></div>
    600. 

  600. </div>
    601. 

  601. </li>
    602. 

  602. </ul>
    603. 

  603. </div>
    604. 

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