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security.html

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  1. 

  2. 

  3. <!DOCTYPE html>
    4. 

  4. <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
    5. 

  5. <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
    6. 

  6. <head>
    7. 

  7.   <meta charset="utf-8">
    8. 

  8.   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    9. 

  9.   
    10. 

  10.   <title>Security Class &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
    11. 

  11.   
    12. 

  12. 

  13.   
    14. 

  14.   
    15. 

  15.     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
    16. 

  16.   
    17. 

  17. 

  18.   
    19. 

  19.   <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
    20. 

  20. 

  21.   
    22. 

  22.   
    23. 

  23.     
    24. 

  24. 

  25.   
    26. 

  26. 

  27.   
    28. 

  28.   
    29. 

  29.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
    30. 

  30.   
    31. 

  31. 

  32.   
    33. 

  33.         <link rel="index" title="Index"
    34. 

  34.               href="../genindex.html"/>
    35. 

  35.         <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
    36. 

  36.     <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
    37. 

  37.         <link rel="up" title="Libraries" href="index.html"/>
    38. 

  38.         <link rel="next" title="Session Library" href="sessions.html"/>
    39. 

  39.         <link rel="prev" title="Template Parser Class" href="parser.html"/> 
    40. 

  40. 

  41.   
    42. 

  42.   <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
    43. 

  43. 

  44. </head>
    45. 

  45. 

  46. <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
    47. 

  47. 

  48.   <div id="nav">
    49. 

  49.   <div id="nav_inner">
    50. 

  50.     
    51. 

  51.     
    52. 

  52.     
    53. 

  53.       <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
    54. 

  54.         <ul>
    55. 

  55. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    56. 

  56. </ul>
    57. 

  57. <ul>
    58. 

  58. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    59. 

  59. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    60. 

  60. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    61. 

  61. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    62. 

  62. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    63. 

  63. </ul>
    64. 

  64. </li>
    65. 

  65. </ul>
    66. 

  66. <ul>
    67. 

  67. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    68. 

  68. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    69. 

  69. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    70. 

  70. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    71. 

  71. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    72. 

  72. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    73. 

  73. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    74. 

  74. </ul>
    75. 

  75. </li>
    76. 

  76. </ul>
    77. 

  77. <ul>
    78. 

  78. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    79. 

  79. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    80. 

  80. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    81. 

  81. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    82. 

  82. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    83. 

  83. </ul>
    84. 

  84. </li>
    85. 

  85. </ul>
    86. 

  86. <ul>
    87. 

  87. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    88. 

  88. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    89. 

  89. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    90. 

  90. </ul>
    91. 

  91. </li>
    92. 

  92. </ul>
    93. 

  93. <ul>
    94. 

  94. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    95. 

  95. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    96. 

  96. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    97. 

  97. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    98. 

  98. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    99. 

  99. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    100. 

  100. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    101. 

  101. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    102. 

  102. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    103. 

  103. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    104. 

  104. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    105. 

  105. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    106. 

  106. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    107. 

  107. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    108. 

  108. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    109. 

  109. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    110. 

  110. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    111. 

  111. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    112. 

  112. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    113. 

  113. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    114. 

  114. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    115. 

  115. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    116. 

  116. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    117. 

  117. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    118. 

  118. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    119. 

  119. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    120. 

  120. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    121. 

  121. </ul>
    122. 

  122. </li>
    123. 

  123. </ul>
    124. 

  124. <ul class="current">
    125. 

  125. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Libraries</a><ul class="current">
    126. 

  126. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    127. 

  127. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    128. 

  128. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    129. 

  129. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    130. 

  130. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    131. 

  131. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    132. 

  132. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    133. 

  133. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    134. 

  134. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    135. 

  135. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    136. 

  136. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    137. 

  137. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    138. 

  138. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    139. 

  139. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    140. 

  140. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    141. 

  141. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    142. 

  142. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    143. 

  143. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    144. 

  144. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    145. 

  145. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    146. 

  146. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Security Class</a></li>
    147. 

  147. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    148. 

  148. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    149. 

  149. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    150. 

  150. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    151. 

  151. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    152. 

  152. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    153. 

  153. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    154. 

  154. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    155. 

  155. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    156. 

  156. </ul>
    157. 

  157. </li>
    158. 

  158. </ul>
    159. 

  159. <ul>
    160. 

  160. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    161. 

  161. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    162. 

  162. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    163. 

  163. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    164. 

  164. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    165. 

  165. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    166. 

  166. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    167. 

  167. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    168. 

  168. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    169. 

  169. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    170. 

  170. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    171. 

  171. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    172. 

  172. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    173. 

  173. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    174. 

  174. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    175. 

  175. </ul>
    176. 

  176. </li>
    177. 

  177. </ul>
    178. 

  178. <ul>
    179. 

  179. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    180. 

  180. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    181. 

  181. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    182. 

  182. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    183. 

  183. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    184. 

  184. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    185. 

  185. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    186. 

  186. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    187. 

  187. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    188. 

  188. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    189. 

  189. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    190. 

  190. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    191. 

  191. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    192. 

  192. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    193. 

  193. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    194. 

  194. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    195. 

  195. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    196. 

  196. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    197. 

  197. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    198. 

  198. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    199. 

  199. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    200. 

  200. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    201. 

  201. </ul>
    202. 

  202. </li>
    203. 

  203. </ul>
    204. 

  204. 

  205.       </div>
    206. 

  206.     
    207. 

  207.       
    208. 

  208.   </div>
    209. 

  209. </div>
    210. 

  210. <div id="nav2">
    211. 

  211.   <a href="#" id="openToc">
    212. 

  212.     <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
    213. 

  213.   </a>
    214. 

  214. </div>
    215. 

  215. 

  216.   <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
    217. 

  217. 

  218.     
    219. 

  219.     <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
    220. 

  220.       <div class="wy-side-nav-search">
    221. 

  221.         
    222. 

  222.           <a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
    223. 

  223.         
    224. 

  224.         
    225. 

  225. <div role="search">
    226. 

  226.   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
    227. 

  227.     <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
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  228.     <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
    229. 

  229.     <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    230. 

  230.   </form>
    231. 

  231. </div>
    232. 

  232.       </div>
    233. 

  233. 

  234.       <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
    235. 

  235.         
    236. 

  236.           
    237. 

  237.           
    238. 

  238.               <ul>
    239. 

  239. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    240. 

  240. </ul>
    241. 

  241. <ul>
    242. 

  242. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    243. 

  243. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    244. 

  244. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    245. 

  245. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    246. 

  246. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    247. 

  247. </ul>
    248. 

  248. </li>
    249. 

  249. </ul>
    250. 

  250. <ul>
    251. 

  251. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    252. 

  252. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    253. 

  253. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    254. 

  254. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    255. 

  255. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    256. 

  256. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    257. 

  257. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    258. 

  258. </ul>
    259. 

  259. </li>
    260. 

  260. </ul>
    261. 

  261. <ul>
    262. 

  262. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    263. 

  263. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    264. 

  264. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    265. 

  265. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    266. 

  266. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    267. 

  267. </ul>
    268. 

  268. </li>
    269. 

  269. </ul>
    270. 

  270. <ul>
    271. 

  271. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    272. 

  272. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    273. 

  273. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    274. 

  274. </ul>
    275. 

  275. </li>
    276. 

  276. </ul>
    277. 

  277. <ul>
    278. 

  278. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    279. 

  279. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    280. 

  280. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    281. 

  281. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    282. 

  282. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    283. 

  283. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    284. 

  284. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    285. 

  285. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    286. 

  286. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    287. 

  287. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    288. 

  288. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    289. 

  289. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    290. 

  290. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    291. 

  291. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    292. 

  292. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    293. 

  293. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    294. 

  294. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    295. 

  295. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    296. 

  296. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    297. 

  297. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    298. 

  298. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    299. 

  299. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    300. 

  300. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    301. 

  301. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    302. 

  302. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    303. 

  303. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    304. 

  304. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    305. 

  305. </ul>
    306. 

  306. </li>
    307. 

  307. </ul>
    308. 

  308. <ul class="current">
    309. 

  309. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Libraries</a><ul class="current">
    310. 

  310. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    311. 

  311. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    312. 

  312. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    313. 

  313. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    314. 

  314. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    315. 

  315. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    316. 

  316. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    317. 

  317. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    318. 

  318. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    319. 

  319. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    320. 

  320. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    321. 

  321. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    322. 

  322. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    323. 

  323. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    324. 

  324. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    325. 

  325. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    326. 

  326. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    327. 

  327. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    328. 

  328. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    329. 

  329. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    330. 

  330. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Security Class</a></li>
    331. 

  331. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    332. 

  332. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    333. 

  333. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    334. 

  334. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    335. 

  335. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    336. 

  336. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    337. 

  337. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    338. 

  338. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    339. 

  339. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    340. 

  340. </ul>
    341. 

  341. </li>
    342. 

  342. </ul>
    343. 

  343. <ul>
    344. 

  344. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
    345. 

  345. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    346. 

  346. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
    347. 

  347. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    348. 

  348. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    349. 

  349. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    350. 

  350. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    351. 

  351. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    352. 

  352. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    353. 

  353. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    354. 

  354. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    355. 

  355. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    356. 

  356. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    357. 

  357. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    358. 

  358. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    359. 

  359. </ul>
    360. 

  360. </li>
    361. 

  361. </ul>
    362. 

  362. <ul>
    363. 

  363. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    364. 

  364. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    365. 

  365. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    366. 

  366. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    367. 

  367. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    368. 

  368. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    369. 

  369. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    370. 

  370. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    371. 

  371. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    372. 

  372. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    373. 

  373. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    374. 

  374. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    375. 

  375. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    376. 

  376. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    377. 

  377. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    378. 

  378. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    379. 

  379. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    380. 

  380. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    381. 

  381. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    382. 

  382. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    383. 

  383. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    384. 

  384. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    385. 

  385. </ul>
    386. 

  386. </li>
    387. 

  387. </ul>
    388. 

  388. 

  389.           
    390. 

  390.         
    391. 

  391.       </div>
    392. 

  392.       &nbsp;
    393. 

  393.     </nav>
    394. 

  394. 

  395.     <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
    396. 

  396. 

  397.       
    398. 

  398.       <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
    399. 

  399.         <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
    400. 

  400.         <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
    401. 

  401.       </nav>
    402. 

  402. 

  403. 

  404.       
    405. 

  405.       <div class="wy-nav-content">
    406. 

  406.         <div class="rst-content">
    407. 

  407.           <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
    408. 

  408.   <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
    409. 

  409.     <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
    410. 

  410.       
    411. 

  411.         <li><a href="index.html">Libraries</a> &raquo;</li>
    412. 

  412.       
    413. 

  413.     <li>Security Class</li>
    414. 

  414.     <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
    415. 

  415.       
    416. 

  416.     </li>
    417. 

  417.     <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
    418. 

  418.       <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
    419. 

  419.     </div>
    420. 

  420.   </ul>
    421. 

  421.   <hr/>
    422. 

  422. </div>
    423. 

  423.           <div role="main" class="document">
    424. 

  424.             
    425. 

  425.   <div class="section" id="security-class">
    426. 

  426. <h1>Security Class<a class="headerlink" href="#security-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
    427. 

  427. <p>The Security Class contains methods that help you create a secure
    428. 

  428. application, processing input data for security.</p>
    429. 

  429. <div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
    430. 

  430. <ul class="simple">
    431. 

  431. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#xss-filtering" id="id1">XSS Filtering</a></li>
    432. 

  432. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" id="id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li>
    433. 

  433. <li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id3">Class Reference</a></li>
    434. 

  434. </ul>
    435. 

  435. </div>
    436. 

  436. <div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="xss-filtering">
    437. 

  437. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">XSS Filtering</a><a class="headerlink" href="#xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    438. 

  438. <p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting prevention filter, which
    439. 

  439. looks for commonly used techniques to trigger JavaScript or other types
    440. 

  440. of code that attempt to hijack cookies or do other malicious things.
    441. 

  441. If anything disallowed is encountered it is rendered safe by converting
    442. 

  442. the data to character entities.</p>
    443. 

  443. <p>To filter data through the XSS filter use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code> method:</p>
    444. 

  444. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
    445. 

  445. </pre></div>
    446. 

  446. </div>
    447. 

  447. <p>An optional second parameter, <em>is_image</em>, allows this function to be used
    448. 

  448. to test images for potential XSS attacks, useful for file upload
    449. 

  449. security. When this second parameter is set to TRUE, instead of
    450. 

  450. returning an altered string, the function returns TRUE if the image is
    451. 

  451. safe, and FALSE if it contained potentially malicious information that a
    452. 

  452. browser may attempt to execute.</p>
    453. 

  453. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
    454. 

  454. <span class="p">{</span>
    455. 

  455.         <span class="c1">// file failed the XSS test</span>
    456. 

  456. <span class="p">}</span>
    457. 

  457. </pre></div>
    458. 

  458. </div>
    459. 

  459. <div class="admonition important">
    460. 

  460. <p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
    461. 

  461. <p class="last">If you want to filter HTML attribute values, use
    462. 

  462. <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> instead!</p>
    463. 

  463. </div>
    464. 

  464. </div>
    465. 

  465. <div class="section" id="cross-site-request-forgery-csrf">
    466. 

  466. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    467. 

  467. <p>You can enable CSRF protection by altering your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>
    468. 

  468. file in the following way:</p>
    469. 

  469. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_protection&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
    470. 

  470. </pre></div>
    471. 

  471. </div>
    472. 

  472. <p>If you use the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">form helper</span></a>, then
    473. 

  473. <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code> will automatically insert a hidden csrf field in
    474. 

  474. your forms. If not, then you can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
    475. 

  475. and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_hash()</span></code></p>
    476. 

  476. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$csrf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    477. 

  477.         <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_token_name</span><span class="p">(),</span>
    478. 

  478.         <span class="s1">&#39;hash&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_hash</span><span class="p">()</span>
    479. 

  479. <span class="p">);</span>
    480. 

  480. 

  481. <span class="o">...</span>
    482. 

  482. 

  483. <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;name&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;hash&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
    484. 

  484. </pre></div>
    485. 

  485. </div>
    486. 

  486. <p>Tokens may be either regenerated on every submission (default) or
    487. 

  487. kept the same throughout the life of the CSRF cookie. The default
    488. 

  488. regeneration of tokens provides stricter security, but may result
    489. 

  489. in usability concerns as other tokens become invalid (back/forward
    490. 

  490. navigation, multiple tabs/windows, asynchronous actions, etc). You
    491. 

  491. may alter this behavior by editing the following config parameter</p>
    492. 

  492. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_regenerate&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
    493. 

  493. </pre></div>
    494. 

  494. </div>
    495. 

  495. <p>Select URIs can be whitelisted from csrf protection (for example API
    496. 

  496. endpoints expecting externally POSTed content). You can add these URIs
    497. 

  497. by editing the ‘csrf_exclude_uris’ config parameter:</p>
    498. 

  498. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;api/person/add&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
    499. 

  499. </pre></div>
    500. 

  500. </div>
    501. 

  501. <p>Regular expressions are also supported (case-insensitive):</p>
    502. 

  502. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    503. 

  503.         <span class="s1">&#39;api/record/[0-9]+&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    504. 

  504.         <span class="s1">&#39;api/title/[a-z]+&#39;</span>
    505. 

  505. <span class="p">);</span>
    506. 

  506. </pre></div>
    507. 

  507. </div>
    508. 

  508. </div>
    509. 

  509. <div class="section" id="class-reference">
    510. 

  510. <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    511. 

  511. <dl class="class">
    512. 

  512. <dt id="CI_Security">
    513. 

  513. <em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Security</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    514. 

  514. <dd><dl class="method">
    515. 

  515. <dt id="CI_Security::xss_clean">
    516. 

  516. <code class="descname">xss_clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    517. 

  517. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    518. 

  518. <col class="field-name" />
    519. 

  519. <col class="field-body" />
    520. 

  520. <tbody valign="top">
    521. 

  521. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    522. 

  522. <li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Input string or an array of strings</li>
    523. 

  523. </ul>
    524. 

  524. </td>
    525. 

  525. </tr>
    526. 

  526. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean data</p>
    527. 

  527. </td>
    528. 

  528. </tr>
    529. 

  529. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
    530. 

  530. </td>
    531. 

  531. </tr>
    532. 

  532. </tbody>
    533. 

  533. </table>
    534. 

  534. <p>Tries to remove XSS exploits from the input data and returns the cleaned string.
    535. 

  535. If the optional second parameter is set to true, it will return boolean TRUE if
    536. 

  536. the image is safe to use and FALSE if malicious data was detected in it.</p>
    537. 

  537. <div class="admonition important">
    538. 

  538. <p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
    539. 

  539. <p class="last">This method is not suitable for filtering HTML attribute values!
    540. 

  540. Use <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> for that instead.</p>
    541. 

  541. </div>
    542. 

  542. </dd></dl>
    543. 

  543. 

  544. <dl class="method">
    545. 

  545. <dt id="CI_Security::sanitize_filename">
    546. 

  546. <code class="descname">sanitize_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$relative_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    547. 

  547. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    548. 

  548. <col class="field-name" />
    549. 

  549. <col class="field-body" />
    550. 

  550. <tbody valign="top">
    551. 

  551. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    552. 

  552. <li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File name/path</li>
    553. 

  553. <li><strong>$relative_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to preserve any directories in the file path</li>
    554. 

  554. </ul>
    555. 

  555. </td>
    556. 

  556. </tr>
    557. 

  557. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name/path</p>
    558. 

  558. </td>
    559. 

  559. </tr>
    560. 

  560. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
    561. 

  561. </td>
    562. 

  562. </tr>
    563. 

  563. </tbody>
    564. 

  564. </table>
    565. 

  565. <p>Tries to sanitize filenames in order to prevent directory traversal attempts
    566. 

  566. and other security threats, which is particularly useful for files that were supplied via user input.</p>
    567. 

  567. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
    568. 

  568. </pre></div>
    569. 

  569. </div>
    570. 

  570. <p>If it is acceptable for the user input to include relative paths, e.g.
    571. 

  571. <em>file/in/some/approved/folder.txt</em>, you can set the second optional parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$relative_path</span></code> to TRUE.</p>
    572. 

  572. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
    573. 

  573. </pre></div>
    574. 

  574. </div>
    575. 

  575. </dd></dl>
    576. 

  576. 

  577. <dl class="method">
    578. 

  578. <dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name">
    579. 

  579. <code class="descname">get_csrf_token_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    580. 

  580. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    581. 

  581. <col class="field-name" />
    582. 

  582. <col class="field-body" />
    583. 

  583. <tbody valign="top">
    584. 

  584. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF token name</td>
    585. 

  585. </tr>
    586. 

  586. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
    587. 

  587. </tr>
    588. 

  588. </tbody>
    589. 

  589. </table>
    590. 

  590. <p>Returns the CSRF token name (the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['csrf_token_name']</span></code> value).</p>
    591. 

  591. </dd></dl>
    592. 

  592. 

  593. <dl class="method">
    594. 

  594. <dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_hash">
    595. 

  595. <code class="descname">get_csrf_hash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_hash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    596. 

  596. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    597. 

  597. <col class="field-name" />
    598. 

  598. <col class="field-body" />
    599. 

  599. <tbody valign="top">
    600. 

  600. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF hash</td>
    601. 

  601. </tr>
    602. 

  602. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
    603. 

  603. </tr>
    604. 

  604. </tbody>
    605. 

  605. </table>
    606. 

  606. <p>Returns the CSRF hash value. Useful in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
    607. 

  607. for manually building forms or sending valid AJAX POST requests.</p>
    608. 

  608. </dd></dl>
    609. 

  609. 

  610. <dl class="method">
    611. 

  611. <dt id="CI_Security::entity_decode">
    612. 

  612. <code class="descname">entity_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    613. 

  613. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    614. 

  614. <col class="field-name" />
    615. 

  615. <col class="field-body" />
    616. 

  616. <tbody valign="top">
    617. 

  617. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    618. 

  618. <li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
    619. 

  619. <li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character set of the input string</li>
    620. 

  620. </ul>
    621. 

  621. </td>
    622. 

  622. </tr>
    623. 

  623. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Entity-decoded string</p>
    624. 

  624. </td>
    625. 

  625. </tr>
    626. 

  626. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
    627. 

  627. </td>
    628. 

  628. </tr>
    629. 

  629. </tbody>
    630. 

  630. </table>
    631. 

  631. <p>This method acts a lot like PHP’s own native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_entity_decode()</span></code> function in ENT_COMPAT mode, only
    632. 

  632. it tries to detect HTML entities that don’t end in a semicolon because some browsers allow that.</p>
    633. 

  633. <p>If the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$charset</span></code> parameter is left empty, then your configured <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['charset']</span></code> value will be used.</p>
    634. 

  634. </dd></dl>
    635. 

  635. 

  636. <dl class="method">
    637. 

  637. <dt id="CI_Security::get_random_bytes">
    638. 

  638. <code class="descname">get_random_bytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$length</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_random_bytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
    639. 

  639. <dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
    640. 

  640. <col class="field-name" />
    641. 

  641. <col class="field-body" />
    642. 

  642. <tbody valign="top">
    643. 

  643. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
    644. 

  644. <li><strong>$length</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Output length</li>
    645. 

  645. </ul>
    646. 

  646. </td>
    647. 

  647. </tr>
    648. 

  648. <tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A binary stream of random bytes or FALSE on failure</p>
    649. 

  649. </td>
    650. 

  650. </tr>
    651. 

  651. <tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
    652. 

  652. </td>
    653. 

  653. </tr>
    654. 

  654. </tbody>
    655. 

  655. </table>
    656. 

  656. <p>A convenience method for getting proper random bytes via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mcrypt_create_iv()</span></code>,
    657. 

  657. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/dev/urandom</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()</span></code> (in that order), if one
    658. 

  658. of them is available.</p>
    659. 

  659. <p>Used for generating CSRF and XSS tokens.</p>
    660. 

  660. <div class="admonition note">
    661. 

  661. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    662. 

  662. <p class="last">The output is NOT guaranteed to be cryptographically secure,
    663. 

  663. just the best attempt at that.</p>
    664. 

  664. </div>
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