connecting.html 45 KB

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  7. <title>Connecting to your Database &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
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  125. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
  126. </ul>
  127. </li>
  128. </ul>
  129. <ul class="current">
  130. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Database Reference</a><ul class="current">
  131. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
  132. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
  133. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
  134. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
  135. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
  136. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
  137. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
  138. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
  139. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
  140. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
  141. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
  142. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
  143. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
  144. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
  145. </ul>
  146. </li>
  147. </ul>
  148. <ul>
  149. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
  150. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
  151. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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  153. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
  154. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
  155. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
  156. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
  157. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
  158. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
  159. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
  160. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
  161. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
  162. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
  163. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
  164. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
  165. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
  166. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
  167. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
  168. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
  169. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
  170. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
  171. </ul>
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  369. <div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database">
  370. <h1>Connecting to your Database<a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
  371. <p>There are two ways to connect to a database:</p>
  372. <div class="section" id="automatically-connecting">
  373. <h2>Automatically Connecting<a class="headerlink" href="#automatically-connecting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
  374. <p>The “auto connect” feature will load and instantiate the database class
  375. with every page load. To enable “auto connecting”, add the word database
  376. to the library array, as indicated in the following file:</p>
  377. <p>application/config/autoload.php</p>
  378. </div>
  379. <div class="section" id="manually-connecting">
  380. <h2>Manually Connecting<a class="headerlink" href="#manually-connecting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
  381. <p>If only some of your pages require database connectivity you can
  382. manually connect to your database by adding this line of code in any
  383. function where it is needed, or in your class constructor to make the
  384. database available globally in that class.</p>
  385. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">();</span>
  386. </pre></div>
  387. </div>
  388. <p>If the above function does <strong>not</strong> contain any information in the first
  389. parameter it will connect to the group specified in your database config
  390. file. For most people, this is the preferred method of use.</p>
  391. <div class="section" id="available-parameters">
  392. <h3>Available Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#available-parameters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
  393. <ol class="arabic simple">
  394. <li>The database connection values, passed either as an array or a DSN
  395. string.</li>
  396. <li>TRUE/FALSE (boolean). Whether to return the connection ID (see
  397. Connecting to Multiple Databases below).</li>
  398. <li>TRUE/FALSE (boolean). Whether to enable the Query Builder class. Set
  399. to TRUE by default.</li>
  400. </ol>
  401. </div>
  402. <div class="section" id="manually-connecting-to-a-database">
  403. <h3>Manually Connecting to a Database<a class="headerlink" href="#manually-connecting-to-a-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
  404. <p>The first parameter of this function can <strong>optionally</strong> be used to
  405. specify a particular database group from your config file, or you can
  406. even submit connection values for a database that is not specified in
  407. your config file. Examples:</p>
  408. <p>To choose a specific group from your config file you can do this:</p>
  409. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;group_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
  410. </pre></div>
  411. </div>
  412. <p>Where group_name is the name of the connection group from your config
  413. file.</p>
  414. <p>To connect manually to a desired database you can pass an array of
  415. values:</p>
  416. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  417. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myusername&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  418. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mypassword&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  419. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydatabase&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  420. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  421. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  422. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
  423. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
  424. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
  425. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  426. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  427. <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  428. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
  429. </pre></div>
  430. </div>
  431. <p>For information on each of these values please see the <a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html"><span class="doc">configuration
  432. page</span></a>.</p>
  433. <div class="admonition note">
  434. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
  435. <p>For the PDO driver, you should use the $config[‘dsn’] setting
  436. instead of ‘hostname’ and ‘database’:</p>
  437. <div class="last line-block">
  438. <div class="line"><br /></div>
  439. <div class="line">$config[‘dsn’] = ‘mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase’;</div>
  440. </div>
  441. </div>
  442. <p>Or you can submit your database values as a Data Source Name. DSNs must
  443. have this prototype:</p>
  444. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$dsn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver://username:password@hostname/database&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  445. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$dsn</span><span class="p">);</span>
  446. </pre></div>
  447. </div>
  448. <p>To override default config values when connecting with a DSN string, add
  449. the config variables as a query string.</p>
  450. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$dsn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver://username:password@hostname/database?char_set=utf8&amp;dbcollat=utf8_general_ci&amp;cache_on=true&amp;cachedir=/path/to/cache&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
  451. <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$dsn</span><span class="p">);</span>
  452. </pre></div>
  453. </div>
  454. </div>
  455. </div>
  456. <div class="section" id="connecting-to-multiple-databases">
  457. <h2>Connecting to Multiple Databases<a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-multiple-databases" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
  458. <p>If you need to connect to more than one database simultaneously you can
  459. do so as follows:</p>
  460. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$DB1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;group_one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
  461. <span class="nv">$DB2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;group_two&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
  462. </pre></div>
  463. </div>
  464. <p>Note: Change the words “group_one” and “group_two” to the specific
  465. group names you are connecting to (or you can pass the connection values
  466. as indicated above).</p>
  467. <p>By setting the second parameter to TRUE (boolean) the function will
  468. return the database object.</p>
  469. <div class="admonition note">
  470. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
  471. <p>When you connect this way, you will use your object name to issue
  472. commands rather than the syntax used throughout this guide. In other
  473. words, rather than issuing commands with:</p>
  474. <div class="last line-block">
  475. <div class="line"><br /></div>
  476. <div class="line">$this-&gt;db-&gt;query();</div>
  477. <div class="line">$this-&gt;db-&gt;result();</div>
  478. <div class="line">etc…</div>
  479. <div class="line"><br /></div>
  480. <div class="line">You will instead use:</div>
  481. <div class="line"><br /></div>
  482. <div class="line">$DB1-&gt;query();</div>
  483. <div class="line">$DB1-&gt;result();</div>
  484. <div class="line">etc…</div>
  485. </div>
  486. </div>
  487. <div class="admonition note">
  488. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
  489. <p>You don’t need to create separate database configurations if you
  490. only need to use a different database on the same connection. You
  491. can switch to a different database when you need to, like this:</p>
  492. <div class="last line-block">
  493. <div class="line">$this-&gt;db-&gt;db_select($database2_name);</div>
  494. </div>
  495. </div>
  496. </div>
  497. <div class="section" id="reconnecting-keeping-the-connection-alive">
  498. <h2>Reconnecting / Keeping the Connection Alive<a class="headerlink" href="#reconnecting-keeping-the-connection-alive" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
  499. <p>If the database server’s idle timeout is exceeded while you’re doing
  500. some heavy PHP lifting (processing an image, for instance), you should
  501. consider pinging the server by using the reconnect() method before
  502. sending further queries, which can gracefully keep the connection alive
  503. or re-establish it.</p>
  504. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">reconnect</span><span class="p">();</span>
  505. </pre></div>
  506. </div>
  507. </div>
  508. <div class="section" id="manually-closing-the-connection">
  509. <h2>Manually closing the Connection<a class="headerlink" href="#manually-closing-the-connection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
  510. <p>While CodeIgniter intelligently takes care of closing your database
  511. connections, you can explicitly close the connection.</p>
  512. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">close</span><span class="p">();</span>
  513. </pre></div>
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