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user_guide
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database
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configuration.html

configuration.html 54 KB
文件歷史 原始文件

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  1. 

  2. 

  3. <!DOCTYPE html>
    4. 

  4. <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
    5. 

  5. <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
    6. 

  6. <head>
    7. 

  7.   <meta charset="utf-8">
    8. 

  8.   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    9. 

  9.   
    10. 

  10.   <title>Database Configuration &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
    11. 

  11.   
    12. 

  12. 

  13.   
    14. 

  14.   
    15. 

  15.     <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
    16. 

  16.   
    17. 

  17. 

  18.   
    19. 

  19.   <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
    20. 

  20. 

  21.   
    22. 

  22.   
    23. 

  23.     
    24. 

  24. 

  25.   
    26. 

  26. 

  27.   
    28. 

  28.   
    29. 

  29.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
    30. 

  30.   
    31. 

  31. 

  32.   
    33. 

  33.         <link rel="index" title="Index"
    34. 

  34.               href="../genindex.html"/>
    35. 

  35.         <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
    36. 

  36.     <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
    37. 

  37.         <link rel="up" title="Database Reference" href="index.html"/>
    38. 

  38.         <link rel="next" title="Connecting to your Database" href="connecting.html"/>
    39. 

  39.         <link rel="prev" title="Database Quick Start: Example Code" href="examples.html"/> 
    40. 

  40. 

  41.   
    42. 

  42.   <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
    43. 

  43. 

  44. </head>
    45. 

  45. 

  46. <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
    47. 

  47. 

  48.   <div id="nav">
    49. 

  49.   <div id="nav_inner">
    50. 

  50.     
    51. 

  51.     
    52. 

  52.     
    53. 

  53.       <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
    54. 

  54.         <ul>
    55. 

  55. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    56. 

  56. </ul>
    57. 

  57. <ul>
    58. 

  58. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    59. 

  59. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    60. 

  60. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    61. 

  61. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    62. 

  62. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    63. 

  63. </ul>
    64. 

  64. </li>
    65. 

  65. </ul>
    66. 

  66. <ul>
    67. 

  67. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    68. 

  68. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    69. 

  69. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    70. 

  70. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    71. 

  71. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    72. 

  72. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    73. 

  73. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    74. 

  74. </ul>
    75. 

  75. </li>
    76. 

  76. </ul>
    77. 

  77. <ul>
    78. 

  78. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    79. 

  79. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    80. 

  80. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    81. 

  81. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    82. 

  82. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    83. 

  83. </ul>
    84. 

  84. </li>
    85. 

  85. </ul>
    86. 

  86. <ul>
    87. 

  87. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    88. 

  88. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    89. 

  89. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    90. 

  90. </ul>
    91. 

  91. </li>
    92. 

  92. </ul>
    93. 

  93. <ul>
    94. 

  94. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    95. 

  95. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    96. 

  96. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    97. 

  97. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    98. 

  98. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    99. 

  99. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    100. 

  100. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    101. 

  101. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    102. 

  102. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    103. 

  103. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    104. 

  104. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    105. 

  105. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    106. 

  106. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    107. 

  107. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    108. 

  108. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    109. 

  109. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    110. 

  110. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    111. 

  111. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    112. 

  112. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    113. 

  113. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    114. 

  114. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    115. 

  115. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    116. 

  116. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    117. 

  117. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    118. 

  118. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    119. 

  119. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    120. 

  120. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    121. 

  121. </ul>
    122. 

  122. </li>
    123. 

  123. </ul>
    124. 

  124. <ul>
    125. 

  125. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    126. 

  126. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    127. 

  127. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    128. 

  128. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    129. 

  129. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    130. 

  130. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    131. 

  131. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    132. 

  132. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    133. 

  133. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    134. 

  134. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    135. 

  135. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    136. 

  136. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    137. 

  137. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    138. 

  138. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    139. 

  139. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    140. 

  140. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    141. 

  141. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    142. 

  142. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    143. 

  143. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    144. 

  144. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    145. 

  145. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    146. 

  146. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    147. 

  147. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    148. 

  148. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    149. 

  149. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    150. 

  150. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    151. 

  151. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    152. 

  152. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    153. 

  153. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    154. 

  154. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    155. 

  155. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    156. 

  156. </ul>
    157. 

  157. </li>
    158. 

  158. </ul>
    159. 

  159. <ul class="current">
    160. 

  160. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Database Reference</a><ul class="current">
    161. 

  161. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    162. 

  162. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Database Configuration</a></li>
    163. 

  163. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    164. 

  164. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    165. 

  165. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    166. 

  166. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    167. 

  167. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    168. 

  168. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    169. 

  169. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    170. 

  170. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    171. 

  171. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    172. 

  172. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    173. 

  173. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    174. 

  174. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    175. 

  175. </ul>
    176. 

  176. </li>
    177. 

  177. </ul>
    178. 

  178. <ul>
    179. 

  179. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    180. 

  180. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    181. 

  181. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    182. 

  182. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    183. 

  183. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    184. 

  184. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    185. 

  185. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    186. 

  186. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    187. 

  187. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    188. 

  188. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    189. 

  189. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    190. 

  190. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    191. 

  191. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    192. 

  192. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    193. 

  193. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    194. 

  194. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    195. 

  195. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    196. 

  196. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    197. 

  197. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    198. 

  198. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    199. 

  199. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    200. 

  200. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    201. 

  201. </ul>
    202. 

  202. </li>
    203. 

  203. </ul>
    204. 

  204. 

  205.       </div>
    206. 

  206.     
    207. 

  207.       
    208. 

  208.   </div>
    209. 

  209. </div>
    210. 

  210. <div id="nav2">
    211. 

  211.   <a href="#" id="openToc">
    212. 

  212.     <img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgAAZABkAAD/7AARRHVja3kAAQAEAAAARgAA/+4ADkFkb2JlAGTAAAAAAf/bAIQABAMDAwMDBAMDBAYEAwQGBwUEBAUHCAYGBwYGCAoICQkJCQgKCgwMDAwMCgwMDQ0MDBERERERFBQUFBQUFBQUFAEEBQUIBwgPCgoPFA4ODhQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQU/8AAEQgAKwCaAwERAAIRAQMRAf/EAHsAAQAABwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAwQFBgcIAgkBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAEDAwICBwYEAgsAAAAAAAIBAwQAEQUSBiEHkROTVNQWGDFBUVIUCHEiMtOUFWGBobHRQlMkZIRVEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDSC+ygkOOaUoKigUCgUCgUCgUCgUCgUCgUCgkuGguIP9FBMFb0Hqg7We+3jlmIqqYFf4ub+/QYlnOR/LqIBKGFUbf8qWv971BytQXXE7Y3Lnm3HsFhp2TaZJAdchRXpIgSpdEJWxJEW3xoKV7F5OMy7JkQn2o7D6w33XGjEAkoiqrJEqIiOIiKuhePCgqp22dyYyS3CyWHnQ5joG61HkRnmnTbaFSMhExRVQRRVJU9iUHjE7ez+fJ0MFipmUNhBV8YUd2SoIV9KkjQla9ltegttBdPLW4/qocL+UTfrMiHW4+P9M71shuyrqaHTcxsl7jegpsji8nh5ZwMvDfgTm0RTjSmjYdFCS6KoOIipdFunCgmNYTMv457MMY6U7iI6oMieDDhRm1VbIhuoOkbqtuK0Hpzb+eZcYZexUxt6UyUqK2cd0SdjtgrhOgijcgERUlJOCIl6CpgbP3blRI8XgMjNARAyKNDfeRBdFDBVUAXgQrqH4pxoJTu2NysY97LP4ac1io5q1InHFeGO24LnVKJuKOkSQ/yKir+rh7aCLG1dzypZQI2FnvTgccYOM3FeN0XWERXAUEFVQgQkUktdLpegm+Td3/Xli/L+S/mYNJIOF9G/wBeLKrZHFb0akG6W1WtQWSg3Dyg5e7V3fipE3O4/wCrktyzYA+ufas2LbZIlmnAT2kvuoN1wft95augilglX/tzP3qCu9O3LL/wV/i5v79BvmTADq14UGu91467Z6U9y0HzH/ncj/U/sT/CgynZG7I2NezpZGUjIycJkYkZSG+uQ81pbBNKLxJfjwoMqZ3/ALYHl35AJ7/cuwHcu5k7r1Q5pHetBjquqVVJWGxj9Zrtcl/Ggy3dHMvauR3HFZj5nHNxSyW5JISYDMoIwx8tFIGHZhPNaykGapr6rUAiicEoMG21lMRj8buPAz8xhJrr7uOeiPTCyAwXUaGR1mgozbTusOsFLEiJ7fbQa/h7gcjy2H3V6xppwDNtUSxCJIqp7valBuWVzJ22xuCROXNNZiJkMtms0DbjUkAZjzoDrTMd9dDRI44ZC2YsrYdKWP2WDT2S3N9dNdlRYrGMYc06IURXSYb0igrpWS485xVNS6nF4rwslkoMwnbpgZLB7bmt5uMweAhDEl4B5uSLzzqTnnyVpW2jaJHRMSIjdDiiotvy3DOE5rYTEbkl5yFn28k7JyG4c7AU2HtLH1uKfaiMPI40CdYbpNtmLdwTSn5rewLNld+7TLdeal4WarWBkbVKBjgdElMJJwAAY5fl4kB3b1fp4XvagsGS3FjJfLzDNtS8aeXx7LzT7TyzByQE5PccRGRC0ZRUDRV6y62vbjagzLmJzS2vuPK43JY6aP1TW6Jz+RIWyFtyC06y3EkiiinAo7YCqfq1AqqnGgsOH3lhZO8d1pmcpB8j5XIm9OYlBJSQ/FSS4427DKO0RC8AlcEMhFdViRR1WDWR5t3WXVuL1d106kG9vdeye2g60+1FDyW0shIcXVpyroXt8I8dfd+NB1vioAdWnD3UF1+gD4UFc6CEKpagxXN43rwJLUHz7yX2c8zokt9uHlsPIhA4aRnnHJTLptIS6CNsY7iASpxUUMkReGpfbQW0vtN5pitvrsN28rwtBD0nc0+/Yft5XhaB6TuaXfsP28rwtA9J3NPv2H7eV4Wgek7mn37D9vK8LQPSdzT79h+3leFoHpO5pd+w/byvC0D0nc0u/Yft5XhaB6TuaXfsP28rwtA9J3NLv2H7eV4Wgek7ml37D9vK8LQPSdzS79h+3leFoHpO5p9+w/byvC0E9r7Reazy2HIYVPxkS/CUHVn26cosxyv2g7h89LYmZSXOenvLEQ1YaQ222RATcQCP8rSGqqA8S02W2pQ6FhMoAIlqCtsnwoCpdKClejI4i3Sgtb+GBxVuNBSFt1pV/RQefLjPyUDy4z8lA8uM/JQPLjPyUDy4z8lA8uM/JQPLjPyUDy4z8lA8uM/JQPLjPyUDy4z8lA8utJ/koJ7WCbBU/LQXOPAFq1koK8B0pag90CggtBBf6qB0UDooHRQOigdFA6KB0UDooHRQOigdFA6KB0UDooI0EaBQf//Z" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
    213. 

  213.   </a>
    214. 

  214. </div>
    215. 

  215. 

  216.   <div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
    217. 

  217. 

  218.     
    219. 

  219.     <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
    220. 

  220.       <div class="wy-side-nav-search">
    221. 

  221.         
    222. 

  222.           <a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
    223. 

  223.         
    224. 

  224.         
    225. 

  225. <div role="search">
    226. 

  226.   <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
    227. 

  227.     <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
    228. 

  228.     <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
    229. 

  229.     <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
    230. 

  230.   </form>
    231. 

  231. </div>
    232. 

  232.       </div>
    233. 

  233. 

  234.       <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
    235. 

  235.         
    236. 

  236.           
    237. 

  237.           
    238. 

  238.               <ul>
    239. 

  239. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
    240. 

  240. </ul>
    241. 

  241. <ul>
    242. 

  242. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
    243. 

  243. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
    244. 

  244. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
    245. 

  245. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
    246. 

  246. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
    247. 

  247. </ul>
    248. 

  248. </li>
    249. 

  249. </ul>
    250. 

  250. <ul>
    251. 

  251. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
    252. 

  252. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
    253. 

  253. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
    254. 

  254. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
    255. 

  255. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
    256. 

  256. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
    257. 

  257. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
    258. 

  258. </ul>
    259. 

  259. </li>
    260. 

  260. </ul>
    261. 

  261. <ul>
    262. 

  262. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
    263. 

  263. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
    264. 

  264. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
    265. 

  265. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
    266. 

  266. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
    267. 

  267. </ul>
    268. 

  268. </li>
    269. 

  269. </ul>
    270. 

  270. <ul>
    271. 

  271. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
    272. 

  272. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
    273. 

  273. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
    274. 

  274. </ul>
    275. 

  275. </li>
    276. 

  276. </ul>
    277. 

  277. <ul>
    278. 

  278. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
    279. 

  279. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
    280. 

  280. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
    281. 

  281. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
    282. 

  282. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
    283. 

  283. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
    284. 

  284. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
    285. 

  285. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
    286. 

  286. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
    287. 

  287. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
    288. 

  288. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
    289. 

  289. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
    290. 

  290. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
    291. 

  291. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
    292. 

  292. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
    293. 

  293. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
    294. 

  294. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
    295. 

  295. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
    296. 

  296. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
    297. 

  297. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
    298. 

  298. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
    299. 

  299. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
    300. 

  300. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
    301. 

  301. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
    302. 

  302. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
    303. 

  303. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
    304. 

  304. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
    305. 

  305. </ul>
    306. 

  306. </li>
    307. 

  307. </ul>
    308. 

  308. <ul>
    309. 

  309. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
    310. 

  310. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
    311. 

  311. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
    312. 

  312. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
    313. 

  313. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
    314. 

  314. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
    315. 

  315. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
    316. 

  316. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
    317. 

  317. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
    318. 

  318. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
    319. 

  319. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
    320. 

  320. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
    321. 

  321. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
    322. 

  322. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
    323. 

  323. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
    324. 

  324. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
    325. 

  325. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
    326. 

  326. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
    327. 

  327. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
    328. 

  328. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
    329. 

  329. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
    330. 

  330. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
    331. 

  331. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
    332. 

  332. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
    333. 

  333. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
    334. 

  334. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
    335. 

  335. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
    336. 

  336. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
    337. 

  337. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
    338. 

  338. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
    339. 

  339. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
    340. 

  340. </ul>
    341. 

  341. </li>
    342. 

  342. </ul>
    343. 

  343. <ul class="current">
    344. 

  344. <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Database Reference</a><ul class="current">
    345. 

  345. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
    346. 

  346. <li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Database Configuration</a></li>
    347. 

  347. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
    348. 

  348. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
    349. 

  349. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
    350. 

  350. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
    351. 

  351. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
    352. 

  352. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
    353. 

  353. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
    354. 

  354. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
    355. 

  355. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
    356. 

  356. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
    357. 

  357. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
    358. 

  358. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
    359. 

  359. </ul>
    360. 

  360. </li>
    361. 

  361. </ul>
    362. 

  362. <ul>
    363. 

  363. <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
    364. 

  364. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
    365. 

  365. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
    366. 

  366. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
    367. 

  367. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
    368. 

  368. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
    369. 

  369. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
    370. 

  370. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
    371. 

  371. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
    372. 

  372. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
    373. 

  373. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
    374. 

  374. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
    375. 

  375. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
    376. 

  376. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
    377. 

  377. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
    378. 

  378. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
    379. 

  379. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
    380. 

  380. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
    381. 

  381. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
    382. 

  382. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
    383. 

  383. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
    384. 

  384. <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
    385. 

  385. </ul>
    386. 

  386. </li>
    387. 

  387. </ul>
    388. 

  388. 

  389.           
    390. 

  390.         
    391. 

  391.       </div>
    392. 

  392.       &nbsp;
    393. 

  393.     </nav>
    394. 

  394. 

  395.     <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
    396. 

  396. 

  397.       
    398. 

  398.       <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
    399. 

  399.         <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
    400. 

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  411.         <li><a href="index.html">Database Reference</a> &raquo;</li>
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  423.           <div role="main" class="document">
    424. 

  424.             
    425. 

  425.   <div class="section" id="database-configuration">
    426. 

  426. <h1>Database Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#database-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
    427. 

  427. <p>CodeIgniter has a config file that lets you store your database
    428. 

  428. connection values (username, password, database name, etc.). The config
    429. 

  429. file is located at application/config/database.php. You can also set
    430. 

  430. database connection values for specific
    431. 

  431. <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">environments</span></a> by placing <strong>database.php</strong>
    432. 

  432. in the respective environment config folder.</p>
    433. 

  433. <p>The config settings are stored in a multi-dimensional array with this
    434. 

  434. prototype:</p>
    435. 

  435. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    436. 

  436.         <span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    437. 

  437.         <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    438. 

  438.         <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    439. 

  439.         <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    440. 

  440.         <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    441. 

  441.         <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    442. 

  442.         <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    443. 

  443.         <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    444. 

  444.         <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    445. 

  445.         <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    446. 

  446.         <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    447. 

  447.         <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    448. 

  448.         <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    449. 

  449.         <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    450. 

  450.         <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    451. 

  451.         <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    452. 

  452.         <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    453. 

  453.         <span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">()</span>
    454. 

  454. <span class="p">);</span>
    455. 

  455. </pre></div>
    456. 

  456. </div>
    457. 

  457. <p>Some database drivers (such as PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC) might
    458. 

  458. require a full DSN string to be provided. If that is the case, you
    459. 

  459. should use the ‘dsn’ configuration setting, as if you’re using the
    460. 

  460. driver’s underlying native PHP extension, like this:</p>
    461. 

  461. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// PDO</span>
    462. 

  462. <span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    463. 

  463. 

  464. <span class="c1">// Oracle</span>
    465. 

  465. <span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;//localhost/XE&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    466. 

  466. </pre></div>
    467. 

  467. </div>
    468. 

  468. <div class="admonition note">
    469. 

  469. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    470. 

  470. <p class="last">If you do not specify a DSN string for a driver that requires it, CodeIgniter
    471. 

  471. will try to build it with the rest of the provided settings.</p>
    472. 

  472. </div>
    473. 

  473. <div class="admonition note">
    474. 

  474. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    475. 

  475. <p class="last">If you provide a DSN string and it is missing some valid settings (e.g. the
    476. 

  476. database character set), which are present in the rest of the configuration
    477. 

  477. fields, CodeIgniter will append them.</p>
    478. 

  478. </div>
    479. 

  479. <p>You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason.
    480. 

  480. These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this:</p>
    481. 

  481. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    482. 

  482.                 <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    483. 

  483.                         <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    484. 

  484.                         <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    485. 

  485.                         <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    486. 

  486.                         <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    487. 

  487.                         <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    488. 

  488.                         <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    489. 

  489.                         <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    490. 

  490.                         <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    491. 

  491.                         <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    492. 

  492.                         <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    493. 

  493.                         <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    494. 

  494.                         <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    495. 

  495.                         <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    496. 

  496.                         <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    497. 

  497.                         <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    498. 

  498.                         <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
    499. 

  499.                 <span class="p">),</span>
    500. 

  500.                 <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    501. 

  501.                         <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    502. 

  502.                         <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    503. 

  503.                         <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    504. 

  504.                         <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    505. 

  505.                         <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    506. 

  506.                         <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    507. 

  507.                         <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    508. 

  508.                         <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    509. 

  509.                         <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    510. 

  510.                         <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    511. 

  511.                         <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    512. 

  512.                         <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    513. 

  513.                         <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    514. 

  514.                         <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    515. 

  515.                         <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    516. 

  516.                         <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
    517. 

  517.                 <span class="p">)</span>
    518. 

  518.         <span class="p">);</span>
    519. 

  519. </pre></div>
    520. 

  520. </div>
    521. 

  521. <p>You can specify as many failovers as you like.</p>
    522. 

  522. <p>The reason we use a multi-dimensional array rather than a more simple
    523. 

  523. one is to permit you to optionally store multiple sets of connection
    524. 

  524. values. If, for example, you run multiple environments (development,
    525. 

  525. production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a
    526. 

  526. connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For
    527. 

  527. example, to set up a “test” environment you would do this:</p>
    528. 

  528. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
    529. 

  529.         <span class="s1">&#39;dsn&#39;</span>   <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    530. 

  530.         <span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    531. 

  531.         <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;root&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    532. 

  532.         <span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    533. 

  533.         <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    534. 

  534.         <span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    535. 

  535.         <span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    536. 

  536.         <span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    537. 

  537.         <span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    538. 

  538.         <span class="s1">&#39;cache_on&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    539. 

  539.         <span class="s1">&#39;cachedir&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    540. 

  540.         <span class="s1">&#39;char_set&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    541. 

  541.         <span class="s1">&#39;dbcollat&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf8_general_ci&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    542. 

  542.         <span class="s1">&#39;swap_pre&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
    543. 

  543.         <span class="s1">&#39;compress&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    544. 

  544.         <span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    545. 

  545.         <span class="s1">&#39;stricton&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span>
    546. 

  546.         <span class="s1">&#39;failover&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">()</span>
    547. 

  547. <span class="p">);</span>
    548. 

  548. </pre></div>
    549. 

  549. </div>
    550. 

  550. <p>Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this
    551. 

  551. variable located in the config file:</p>
    552. 

  552. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$active_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;test&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
    553. 

  553. </pre></div>
    554. 

  554. </div>
    555. 

  555. <div class="admonition note">
    556. 

  556. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    557. 

  557. <p class="last">The name ‘test’ is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By
    558. 

  558. default we’ve used the word “default” for the primary connection,
    559. 

  559. but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.</p>
    560. 

  560. </div>
    561. 

  561. <div class="section" id="query-builder">
    562. 

  562. <h2>Query Builder<a class="headerlink" href="#query-builder" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    563. 

  563. <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder Class</span></a> is globally enabled or
    564. 

  564. disabled by setting the $query_builder variable in the database
    565. 

  565. configuration file to TRUE/FALSE (boolean). The default setting is TRUE.
    566. 

  566. If you are not using the
    567. 

  567. query builder class, setting it to FALSE will utilize fewer resources
    568. 

  568. when the database classes are initialized.</p>
    569. 

  569. <div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query_builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
    570. 

  570. </pre></div>
    571. 

  571. </div>
    572. 

  572. <div class="admonition note">
    573. 

  573. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    574. 

  574. <p class="last">that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Query
    575. 

  575. Builder to be enabled to access certain functionality.</p>
    576. 

  576. </div>
    577. 

  577. </div>
    578. 

  578. <div class="section" id="explanation-of-values">
    579. 

  579. <h2>Explanation of Values:<a class="headerlink" href="#explanation-of-values" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
    580. 

  580. <table border="1" class="docutils">
    581. 

  581. <colgroup>
    582. 

  582. <col width="17%" />
    583. 

  583. <col width="83%" />
    584. 

  584. </colgroup>
    585. 

  585. <thead valign="bottom">
    586. 

  586. <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Name Config</th>
    587. 

  587. <th class="head">Description</th>
    588. 

  588. </tr>
    589. 

  589. </thead>
    590. 

  590. <tbody valign="top">
    591. 

  591. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dsn</strong></td>
    592. 

  592. <td>The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).</td>
    593. 

  593. </tr>
    594. 

  594. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>hostname</strong></td>
    595. 

  595. <td>The hostname of your database server. Often this is ‘localhost’.</td>
    596. 

  596. </tr>
    597. 

  597. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>username</strong></td>
    598. 

  598. <td>The username used to connect to the database.</td>
    599. 

  599. </tr>
    600. 

  600. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>password</strong></td>
    601. 

  601. <td>The password used to connect to the database.</td>
    602. 

  602. </tr>
    603. 

  603. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>database</strong></td>
    604. 

  604. <td>The name of the database you want to connect to.</td>
    605. 

  605. </tr>
    606. 

  606. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>dbdriver</strong></td>
    607. 

  607. <td>The database type. ie: mysqli, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case.</td>
    608. 

  608. </tr>
    609. 

  609. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dbprefix</strong></td>
    610. 

  610. <td>An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running
    611. 

  611. <a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter
    612. 

  612. installations to share one database.</td>
    613. 

  613. </tr>
    614. 

  614. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>pconnect</strong></td>
    615. 

  615. <td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to use a persistent connection.</td>
    616. 

  616. </tr>
    617. 

  617. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>db_debug</strong></td>
    618. 

  618. <td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database errors should be displayed.</td>
    619. 

  619. </tr>
    620. 

  620. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>cache_on</strong></td>
    621. 

  621. <td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database query caching is enabled,
    622. 

  622. see also <a class="reference internal" href="caching.html"><span class="doc">Database Caching Class</span></a>.</td>
    623. 

  623. </tr>
    624. 

  624. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>cachedir</strong></td>
    625. 

  625. <td>The absolute server path to your database query cache directory.</td>
    626. 

  626. </tr>
    627. 

  627. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>char_set</strong></td>
    628. 

  628. <td>The character set used in communicating with the database.</td>
    629. 

  629. </tr>
    630. 

  630. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>dbcollat</strong></td>
    631. 

  631. <td><p class="first">The character collation used in communicating with the database</p>
    632. 

  632. <div class="last admonition note">
    633. 

  633. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    634. 

  634. <p class="last">Only used in the ‘mysql’ and ‘mysqli’ drivers.</p>
    635. 

  635. </div>
    636. 

  636. </td>
    637. 

  637. </tr>
    638. 

  638. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>swap_pre</strong></td>
    639. 

  639. <td>A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed
    640. 

  640. applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be
    641. 

  641. customizable by the end user.</td>
    642. 

  642. </tr>
    643. 

  643. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>schema</strong></td>
    644. 

  644. <td>The database schema, defaults to ‘public’. Used by PostgreSQL and ODBC drivers.</td>
    645. 

  645. </tr>
    646. 

  646. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>encrypt</strong></td>
    647. 

  647. <td><p class="first">Whether or not to use an encrypted connection.</p>
    648. 

  648. <blockquote class="last">
    649. 

  649. <div><ul class="simple">
    650. 

  650. <li>‘mysql’ (deprecated), ‘sqlsrv’ and ‘pdo/sqlsrv’ drivers accept TRUE/FALSE</li>
    651. 

  651. <li>‘mysqli’ and ‘pdo/mysql’ drivers accept an array with the following options:<ul>
    652. 

  652. <li>‘ssl_key’    - Path to the private key file</li>
    653. 

  653. <li>‘ssl_cert’   - Path to the public key certificate file</li>
    654. 

  654. <li>‘ssl_ca’     - Path to the certificate authority file</li>
    655. 

  655. <li>‘ssl_capath’ - Path to a directory containing trusted CA certificates in PEM format</li>
    656. 

  656. <li>‘ssl_cipher’ - List of <em>allowed</em> ciphers to be used for the encryption, separated by colons (‘:’)</li>
    657. 

  657. <li>‘ssl_verify’ - TRUE/FALSE; Whether to verify the server certificate or not (‘mysqli’ only)</li>
    658. 

  658. </ul>
    659. 

  659. </li>
    660. 

  660. </ul>
    661. 

  661. </div></blockquote>
    662. 

  662. </td>
    663. 

  663. </tr>
    664. 

  664. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>compress</strong></td>
    665. 

  665. <td>Whether or not to use client compression (MySQL only).</td>
    666. 

  666. </tr>
    667. 

  667. <tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>stricton</strong></td>
    668. 

  668. <td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to force “Strict Mode” connections, good for ensuring strict SQL
    669. 

  669. while developing an application.</td>
    670. 

  670. </tr>
    671. 

  671. <tr class="row-even"><td><strong>port</strong></td>
    672. 

  672. <td><p class="first">The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array.</p>
    673. 

  673. <div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$db</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;port&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5432</span><span class="p">;</span>
    674. 

  674. </pre></div>
    675. 

  675. </div>
    676. 

  676. </td>
    677. 

  677. </tr>
    678. 

  678. </tbody>
    679. 

  679. </table>
    680. 

  680. <div class="admonition note">
    681. 

  681. <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
    682. 

  682. <p class="last">Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL,
    683. 

  683. etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you
    684. 

  684. will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name
    685. 

  685. will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes
    686. 

  686. you are using MySQL.</p>
    687. 

  687. </div>
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